In IoT architecture, which layer handles device management and information management?

• A. Middleware Layer
• B. Application Layer
• C. Internet Layer
• D. Data Link Layer

Answer: (A)

In IoT architecture, the middleware layer sits between the devices and the applications, providing services for both device management and information management. It handles onboarding, provisioning, authentication, configuration, monitoring, and firmware updates for devices, which covers device management. It also manages data ingestion, normalization, storage, metadata, processing pipelines, and access control, covering information management. The application layer focuses on delivering user-facing apps that use processed data, while the Internet and Data Link layers are about network connectivity and routing. Because this layer centralizes how devices are managed and how data is collected, organized, and made available to applications, it’s the layer responsible for both device management and information management.