What is described as a vulnerability that occurs when an application accepts more data than the allocated buffer?

• A. Stack
• B. Buffer Overflow
• C. Buffer
• D. Heap memory

Answer: (C)

Buffer overflow is the vulnerability described. It happens when an application accepts more data than a reserved buffer can hold, causing the extra bytes to overwrite adjacent memory. A buffer is just a block of memory allocated to store data, and these overflows typically occur when input isn’t properly bounds-checked. Overwriting nearby data can crash the program or, worse, overwrite control information (like return addresses) and allow an attacker to run malicious code. The other terms shown—buffer is simply the storage area, while stack and heap refer to memory regions rather than the vulnerability itself—do not describe the specific problem.