Which technique utilizes 1-bit steganography by modifying the cover so that the transmission of a '1' changes statistical characteristics?

• A. Microdots
• B. Distortion Techniques
• C. Invisible Ink
• D. Statistical Techniques

Answer: (D)

This question is about hiding a bit by altering the cover’s statistics. In statistical techniques, you embed a bit by causing a change in a measurable property of the cover—such as its histogram, pixel correlations, or overall distribution—when the bit being sent is a ’1’. A receiver detects that change in statistics to determine that the transmitted bit is a 1, while a 0 leaves the statistics unchanged or changes them differently. This approach relies on how small adjustments can shift statistical characteristics without producing obvious alterations. The other methods don’t rely on changing statistical properties: microdots hide data as tiny physical marks; distortion techniques rely on altering the cover in ways that may be perceptible or non-statistical; invisible ink conceals data in the physical medium rather than manipulating digital cover statistics.